Expedition 61 began Oct. 3, 2019, and continued until Feb. 6, 2020. In addition to the dozens of science experiments expected to be performed, the crew of Expedition 61 performed nearly a dozen spacewalks to upgrade and repair the outpost. These included several to replace batteries on the P6 truss segment as well as repair work on the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer physics experiment located on the S3 truss segment.

Expedition 60 began June 24, 2019, and continued until Oct. 3, 2019. The expedition, which took place during the time of the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing, had a mission to perform a number of experiments, including 3D printing organ-like tissues, examining the physical interactions of liquid, rocks and microorganisms, evaluating the creation of “novel” silica forms and structures and analyzing the spreading and penetration of a liquid on porous surfaces, according to NASA’s mission summary.

Expedition 59 began March 15, 2019, and continued until June 24, 2019. According to NASA, the Expedition 59 crew, which consisted of NASA astronauts Anne McClain, Nick Hague and Christina Koch; Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko and Aleksey Ovchinin; and Canadian Space Agency astronaut David Saint-Jacques, performed dozens of experiments in areas ranging from research on the human body, research on regolith simulants, the testing of free-flying robots inside the station and the study the complex dynamics of Earth’s atmospheric carbon cycle. Additionally, several spacewalks were performed to upgrade the outpost.

Expedition 58 began Dec. 20, 2018, and continued until March 15, 2019. Expedition 58 continued to support the many dozens of ongoing experiments at the International Space Station. The crew consisted of Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, NASA astronaut Anne McClain and Canadian Space Agency astronaut David Saint-Jacques.

Expedition 57 began Oct. 4, 2018, and continued until Dec. 20, 2018. The crew was tasked with performing dozens of experiments and overseeing the arrival of several cargo resupply vehicles and perform spacewalks. The initial three-person crew — European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst, NASA astronaut Serena Aunon-Chancellor and Russian cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev — was expected to be joined by Russian cosmonaut Aleksey Ovchinin and NASA astronaut Nick Hague on Oct. 11, 2018. However, an abort during their ascent in Soyuz MS-10 prevented them from joining the crew. They were instead joined by Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, NASA astronaut Anne McClain, and Canadian Space Agency astronaut David Saint-Jacques.

Expedition 56 began June 3, 2018, and continued until Oct. 4, 2018. The six person crew — NASA astronauts Drew Feustel, Ricky Arnold and Serena Aunon-Chancellor; Russian cosmonauts Oleg Artemyev and Sergei Prokopyev; and European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst — is tasked with performing experiments that study the behavior of atoms in extreme conditions, explore microbial growth aboard the outpost and other tests to expand navigation capabilities for future travel beyond low-Earth orbit.

Expedition 55 began Feb. 27, 2018, and continued until June 3, 2018. Its six-person crew — NASA astronauts Scott Tingle, Drew Feustel and Ricky Arnold; Russian cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov and Oleg Artemyev; and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Norishige Kanai — was tasked with performing experiments studying Earth’s atmosphere and the effect of microgravity on bone marrow in addition to materials sciences and biological sciences. The increment also saw several visiting vehicle arrivals and performed two spacewalks.

Expedition 54 began Dec. 14, 2017, and continued until Feb. 27, 2018. The six-person crew consisted of Russian cosmonauts Alexander Misurkin and Anton Shkaplerov; NASA astronauts Mark VAnde Hei, Joe Acaba and Scott Tingle; and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Norishige Kanai. Over 2.5 months, the increment worked on science experiments that studied bacteria, the manufacture of fiber optics in microgravity, and gathered data about space debris in low-Earth orbit, to name a few. The crew also supported three spacewalks and oversaw the arrival and departure of a couple cargo spacecraft.